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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | Knossos, and other such palaces, are built for dynasties in Minoan Crete | |
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| c. 1300 BC |
| | | The earliest known suit of armour, made of bronze, survives from a tomb in Mycenaean Greece | |
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| 585 BC |
| | | Thales of Miletus, traditionally the first philosopher, is credited with the prediction of a solar eclipse | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The Greeks develop the Babylonian theme of the zodiac, naming it the zodiakos kyklos or circle of animals | |
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| c. 529 BC |
| | | The Greek mathematician Pythagoras establishes himself, along with his followers, in southern Italy | |
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| c. 510 BC |
| | | Hecateus, a geographer in Miletus, produces a map showing the Greek idea of the known world | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The Greeks are intrigued by the iron-attracting property of a mineral which they find in the district of Magnesia | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The Greeks observe the strange effect of electricity, seen when amber (known to them as electron) is rubbed | |
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| c. 450 BC |
| | | Empedocles states that all matter is made up of four elemental substances - earth, fire, air and water | |
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| c. 450 BC |
| | | The followers of Pythagoras maintain that the earth revolves on its own axis and moves in an orbit | |
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